1. Uruganda rwa polysilicon: Inzira yo kubyaza umusaruro iragoye, kandi epfo na ruguru yibanda kuri semiconductor ya Photovoltaque
Polysilicon ikorwa cyane cyane muri silicon yinganda, chlorine na hydrogène, kandi iherereye hejuru yumunyururu winganda zifotora na semiconductor.Nk’uko imibare ya CPIA ibigaragaza, uburyo bukoreshwa muri iki gihe bwo gukora polysilicon ku isi ni uburyo bwa Siemens bwahinduwe, usibye Ubushinwa, hejuru ya 95% ya polysilicon ikorwa nuburyo bwa Siemens bwahinduwe.Muburyo bwo gutegura polysilicon nuburyo bunoze bwa Siemens, ubanza, gaze ya chlorine ihujwe na gaze ya hydrogène ikabyara hydrogène chloride, hanyuma ikagira ifu ya silicon nyuma yo kumenagura no gusya silikoni yinganda kugirango itange trichlorosilane, nayo igabanywa na gaze ya hydrogen kubyara polysilicon.Silicon polycrystalline irashobora gushongeshwa no gukonjeshwa kugirango ikore ingunguru ya silicon polycrystalline, kandi silicon ya monocrystalline irashobora kandi gukorwa na Czochralski cyangwa gushonga kwa zone.Ugereranije na silicon polycrystalline, silikoni imwe ya kirisiti igizwe nintete za kristu zifite icyerekezo kimwe, bityo ikagira amashanyarazi meza kandi ikora neza.Byombi bya polycrystalline silicon hamwe ninkoni ya silikoni ya monocrystalline irashobora gutemwa hanyuma igatunganyirizwa muri wafer ya silicon na selile, nayo igahinduka ibice byingenzi bigize modulifoto kandi bigakoreshwa mumashanyarazi.Byongeye kandi, wafer imwe ya kirisiti ya silicon irashobora kandi kubumbwa mumashanyarazi ya silicon mugusya inshuro nyinshi, gusya, epitaxy, gusukura nibindi bikorwa, bishobora gukoreshwa nkibikoresho byububiko bwibikoresho bya elegitoroniki.
Ibirimo umwanda wa polysilicon birasabwa cyane, kandi inganda zifite ibiranga ishoramari ryinshi nimbogamizi za tekinike.Kubera ko ubuziranenge bwa polysilicon buzagira ingaruka zikomeye kumurongo umwe wo gushushanya silikoni imwe, ibisabwa byera birakomeye cyane.Ubuziranenge bwa polysilicon ni 99,9999%, naho hejuru ni hafi 100%.Byongeye kandi, uburinganire bw’igihugu cy’Ubushinwa bwashyize ahagaragara ibisabwa bisobanutse neza ku bijyanye n’umwanda, kandi hashingiwe kuri ibyo, polysilicon igabanijwe mu cyiciro cya I, II, na III, muri byo ibikubiye muri boron, fosifore, ogisijeni na karubone ni cyo cyerekezo cy’ingenzi."Polysilicon Inganda zinjira mu nganda" ziteganya ko ibigo bigomba kugira uburyo bunoze bwo kugenzura no gucunga neza, kandi ibicuruzwa bikurikiza neza amahame y’igihugu;hiyongereyeho, uburyo bwo kugera busaba kandi ingano ningufu zikoreshwa ninganda zikora polysilicon, nkizuba-izuba, polyisilike yo mu rwego rwa elegitoronike Igipimo cyumushinga kirenga toni 3000 / mwaka na toni 1000 / umwaka, hamwe nigipimo ntarengwa cy’imari shingiro. mu ishoramari ryubwubatsi bushya no kwiyubaka no kwagura imishinga ntigomba kuba munsi ya 30%, bityo polysilicon ninganda yibanda cyane.Nk’uko imibare ya CPIA ibigaragaza, igiciro cy’ishoramari cy’ibikoresho by’umurongo wa toni 10,000 ya polysilicon cyatangiye gukoreshwa mu 2021 cyiyongereyeho gato kigera kuri miliyoni 103 Yuan / kt.Impamvu nukuzamuka kwibiciro byibikoresho byinshi.Biteganijwe ko ikiguzi cyishoramari mugihe kizaza kiziyongera hamwe niterambere ryibikoresho byumusaruro kandi monomer igabanuka uko ingano yiyongera.Dukurikije amabwiriza, gukoresha ingufu za polysilicon kugirango izuba rya Czochralski igabanuke izuba hamwe na elegitoronike bigomba kuba munsi ya 60 kWh / kg na 100 kWh / kg, kandi ibisabwa mubipimo ngenderwaho bikoresha ingufu biragoye.Umusaruro wa polysilicon ukunda kuba uw'inganda zikora imiti.Ibikorwa byo kubyaza umusaruro biragoye, kandi inzira yinzira ya tekiniki, guhitamo ibikoresho, gukoresha no gukora ni byinshi.Igikorwa cyo kubyaza umusaruro kirimo ibintu byinshi bigoye bivura imiti, kandi umubare wigenzura urenze 1.000.Biragoye kubinjira bashya Byihuse kumenya ubukorikori bukuze.Kubwibyo, hari inzitizi nini n’ubuhanga mu bya tekinike mu nganda zikora polysilicon, nazo ziteza imbere abakora polysilicon gukora uburyo bunoze bwo gutezimbere tekiniki yimikorere, gupakira no gutwara abantu.
2. Ibyiciro bya polysilicon: ubuziranenge bugena imikoreshereze, kandi urwego rwizuba rufite umwanya munini
Silicon polycrystalline, uburyo bwa silikoni yibanze, igizwe nintete za kirisiti zifite icyerekezo gitandukanye, kandi cyezwa cyane no gutunganya silikoni yinganda.Kugaragara kwa polysilicon ni ibara ryijimye ryijimye, naho gushonga ni 1410 ℃.Ntabwo idakora mubushyuhe bwicyumba kandi ikora cyane mumashanyarazi.Polysilicon ifite imiterere ya semiconductor kandi ni ikintu cyingenzi cyane kandi cyiza cyane, ariko umubare muto wumwanda urashobora kugira ingaruka zikomeye kumikorere yacyo.Hariho uburyo bwinshi bwo gutondekanya polysilicon.Usibye ibyiciro byavuzwe haruguru ukurikije amahame yigihugu cyUbushinwa, hano haratangijwe ubundi buryo butatu bwingenzi.Ukurikije ibisabwa bitandukanye kandi bigakoreshwa, polysilicon irashobora kugabanywamo polysilicon yo mu zuba hamwe na polysilicon yo mu rwego rwa elegitoroniki.Imirasire y'izuba ya polysilicon ikoreshwa cyane cyane mugukora selile zifotora, mugihe polysilicon yo mu rwego rwa elegitoronike ikoreshwa cyane munganda zuzuzanya nkibikoresho fatizo bya chip nibindi bicuruzwa.Isuku ya polysilicon yo mu rwego rwizuba ni 6 ~ 8N, ni ukuvuga ko ibintu byose byanduye bisabwa kuba munsi ya 10 -6, kandi ubuziranenge bwa polysilicon bugomba kugera kuri 99,9999% cyangwa burenga.Ibisabwa byera bya elegitoroniki yo mu rwego rwa elegitoronike irakomeye, hamwe byibura 9N hamwe nubu ntarengwa ya 12N.Umusaruro wa elegitoroniki yo mu rwego rwa elegitoronike uragoye.Hariho inganda nke z'Abashinwa zize neza ikoranabuhanga rya polisilicon yo mu rwego rwa elegitoroniki, kandi iracyashingira ku bicuruzwa bitumizwa mu mahanga.Kugeza ubu, umusaruro wa polysilicon yo mu rwego rwizuba ni munini cyane ugereranije na elegitoroniki yo mu rwego rwa elegitoroniki, naho iyambere ikubye inshuro 13.8 iyanyuma.
Ukurikije itandukaniro ryimyanda ya doping nubwoko bwibikoresho bya silicon, irashobora kugabanywa muburyo bwa P na N-bwoko.Iyo silicon ikozwe hamwe nibintu byanduye byakira, nka boron, aluminium, gallium, nibindi, byiganjemo gutwara umwobo kandi ni P-bwoko.Iyo silicon ikozwe hamwe nibintu byanduye byabaterankunga, nka fosifore, arsenic, antimoni, nibindi, byiganjemo imiyoboro ya electron kandi ni N-bwoko.Bateri yo mu bwoko bwa P irimo cyane cyane bateri ya BSF na bateri ya PERC.Muri 2021, bateri za PERC zizaba zirenga 91% kumasoko yisi yose, kandi bateri ya BSF izavaho.Mugihe mugihe PERC isimbuye BSF, imikorere yimikorere ya selile yo mu bwoko bwa P yiyongereye kuva munsi ya 20% igera kuri 23%, iri hafi kwegera imipaka yo hejuru ya 24.5%, mugihe urwego rwo hejuru rwa N- ubwoko bwa selile ni 28.7%, na N-selile zifite imikorere ihindagurika cyane, Bitewe nibyiza byo kugereranya ibice bibiri hamwe na coefficient de coiffure nkeya, ibigo byatangiye kohereza imirongo myinshi yo gukora kuri bateri yo mu bwoko bwa N.Dukurikije uko CPIA ibiteganya, umubare wa bateri yo mu bwoko bwa N uziyongera cyane kuva kuri 3% ugera kuri 13.4% mu 2022. Biteganijwe ko mu myaka itanu iri imbere, itera rya batiri yo mu bwoko bwa N na batiri yo mu bwoko bwa P izatangira Ukurikije uburinganire butandukanye, burashobora kugabanywamo ibintu byinshi, ibikoresho bya kawuseri nibikoresho bya korali.Ubuso bwibintu byuzuye bifite urwego rwo hasi rwubwumvikane, munsi ya 5mm, ntamabara adasanzwe, nta okiside ihuza, nigiciro kinini;ubuso bwibikoresho bya kawuseri bifite urwego ruciriritse rwuburinganire, 5-20mm, igice kiringaniye, kandi igiciro kiri hagati;mugihe ubuso bwibikoresho bya korali bifite uburemere bukomeye, Ubujyakuzimu burenze 20mm, igice kirarekuye, kandi igiciro ni gito.Ibikoresho byuzuye bikoreshwa cyane mugushushanya silikoni ya monocrystalline, mugihe ibikoresho bya kawuseri nibikoresho bya korali bikoreshwa cyane cyane mugukora wafer ya silikoni.Mu musaruro wa buri munsi wibikorwa, ibikoresho byuzuye birashobora gukopororwa bitarenze 30% bya kawuseri kugirango bibyare silicon monocrystalline.Igiciro cyibikoresho fatizo kirashobora gukizwa, ariko gukoresha ibikoresho bya kawuseri bizagabanya kristu yo gukurura neza kurwego runaka.Ibigo bigomba guhitamo igipimo cya doping gikwiye nyuma yo gupima byombi.Vuba aha, itandukaniro ryibiciro hagati yibintu byuzuye nibikoresho bya kawusili byahagaze neza kuri 3 RMB / kg.Niba itandukaniro ryibiciro ryarushijeho kwaguka, ibigo birashobora gutekereza gukuramo ibikoresho byinshi bya kawuseri mu gukurura silikoni ya monocrystalline.
3. Inzira: Uburyo bwa Siemens bufata inzira nyamukuru, kandi gukoresha ingufu biba urufunguzo rwo guhindura ikoranabuhanga
Umusaruro wa polysilicon ugabanijwemo intambwe ebyiri.Mu ntambwe yambere, ifu ya silicon yinganda ikorwa hamwe na hydrogène hydrogène chloride kugirango ibone trichlorosilane na hydrogen.Nyuma yo gusibanganya no kwezwa inshuro nyinshi, trichlorosilane ya gaze, dichlorodihydrosilicon na Silane;intambwe ya kabiri ni ukugabanya gaze yavuzwe haruguru hejuru yubuziranenge bwa silikoni ya kristaline, kandi intambwe yo kugabanuka iratandukanye muburyo bwa Siemens bwahinduwe hamwe nuburyo bwo kuryama bwa silane.Uburyo bwiza bwa Siemens bufite tekinoroji yumusaruro ukuze hamwe nubwiza buhanitse, kandi kuri ubu ni tekinoroji ikoreshwa cyane.Uburyo bwa gakondo bwa Siemens ni ugukoresha chlorine na hydrogène muguhuza hydrogène hydrogène hydrogène, hydrogène chloride na puderi yinganda ya silicon kugirango ihuze trichlorosilane mubushyuhe runaka, hanyuma itandukane, ikosore kandi isukure trichlorosilane.Silicon ihura nigabanuka ryumuriro mu itanura rya hydrogène kugirango ibone silikoni yibanze yashyizwe kumurongo wa silicon.Hashingiwe kuri ibyo, gahunda ya Siemens yatunganijwe kandi ifite ibikoresho byo gushyigikira gutunganya ibicuruzwa byinshi nka hydrogène, chloride hydrogène, na tetrachloride ya silicon yakozwe mu musaruro, cyane cyane nko kugabanya gaze umurizo no kongera gukoresha silicon tetrachloride. ikoranabuhanga.Hydrogen, hydrogène chloride, trichlorosilane, na silicon tetrachloride muri gaze ya gaze itandukanijwe no gukira byumye.Hydrogene na hydrogène chloride irashobora kongera gukoreshwa muguhindura no kweza hamwe na trichlorosilane, kandi trichlorosilane ikoreshwa muburyo bwo kugabanya ubushyuhe.Isuku ikorerwa mu itanura, kandi silicon tetrachloride ni hydrogenated kugirango itange trichlorosilane, ishobora gukoreshwa mu kwezwa.Iyi ntambwe kandi yitwa kuvura hydrogène ikonje.Mugutahura umusaruro ufunze, imishinga irashobora kugabanya cyane ikoreshwa ryibikoresho fatizo n amashanyarazi, bityo bikabika neza umusaruro.
Igiciro cyo gukora polysilicon ukoresheje uburyo bwa Siemens bunoze mubushinwa burimo ibikoresho fatizo, gukoresha ingufu, guta agaciro, amafaranga yo gutunganya, nibindi. Iterambere ryikoranabuhanga mu nganda ryagabanije cyane igiciro.Ibikoresho fatizo bivuga cyane cyane silikoni yinganda na trichlorosilane, gukoresha ingufu zirimo amashanyarazi na parike, naho amafaranga yo gutunganya bivuga amafaranga yo kugenzura no gusana ibikoresho byakozwe.Nk’uko imibare ya Baichuan Yingfu ivuga ku giciro cy’umusaruro wa polysilicon mu ntangiriro za Kamena 2022, ibikoresho fatizo nicyo kintu gihenze cyane, bingana na 41% by’ibiciro byose, aho silikoni y’inganda ari isoko nyamukuru ya silikoni.Ibikoresho bya silikoni ikoreshwa cyane mu nganda byerekana ingano ya silikoni ikoreshwa kuri buri gice cyibicuruzwa bya silicon bifite isuku nyinshi.Uburyo bwo kubara ni uguhindura ibikoresho byose birimo silikoni nka porojeri ya silicon yo hanze yinganda na trichlorosilane muri silicon yera, hanyuma ugakuramo chlorosilane yoherejwe hanze nkuko ingano ya silikoni isukuye yahinduwe bivuye mubipimo bya silicon.Nk’uko imibare ya CPIA ibigaragaza, urwego rwo gukoresha silikoni ruzagabanuka ku gipimo cya 0.01 kg / kg-Si kugeza kuri 1.09 kg / kg-Si mu 2021. Biteganijwe ko hamwe n’iterambere ry’imiti ikomoka kuri hydrogène ikonje ndetse n’ibicuruzwa biva mu mahanga, biteganijwe ko kugabanuka kugera kuri 1.07 kg / kg muri 2030. kg-Si.Dukurikije imibare ituzuye, ikoreshwa rya silikoni y’amasosiyete atanu ya mbere y’Abashinwa mu nganda za polysilicon iri munsi y’ikigereranyo cy’inganda.Birazwi ko babiri muri bo bazakoresha 1.08 kg / kg-Si na 1.05 kg / kg-Si mu 2021. Igice cya kabiri kinini ni ugukoresha ingufu, bingana na 32% muri rusange, muri byo amashanyarazi akaba 30% bya igiciro cyose, byerekana ko igiciro cyamashanyarazi nubushobozi bikiri ibintu byingenzi kubyara polysilicon.Ibipimo bibiri byingenzi bipima ingufu zingufu ni ugukoresha ingufu zose no kugabanya ingufu zikoreshwa.Kugabanya ingufu zikoreshwa bivuga inzira yo kugabanya trichlorosilane na hydrogène kugirango bibyare ibikoresho bya silicon nziza cyane.Gukoresha ingufu zirimo silicon yibanze yo gushyushya no kubitsa., kubika ubushyuhe, guhumeka neza nibindi bikorwa byo gukoresha ingufu.Muri 2021, hamwe niterambere ryikoranabuhanga no gukoresha ingufu zose, impuzandengo yo gukoresha ingufu zuzuye za polysilicon izagabanukaho 5.3% umwaka ushize kugeza kuri 63kWh / kg-Si, naho impuzandengo yo kugabanya ingufu zizagabanuka 6.1% umwaka- ku mwaka kugeza kuri 46kWh / kg-Si, biteganijwe ko bizagabanuka cyane mu gihe kiri imbere..Byongeye kandi, guta agaciro nabyo ni ikintu cyingenzi cyibiciro, bingana na 17%.Twabibutsa ko, dukurikije imibare ya Baichuan Yingfu, igiteranyo cy’umusaruro rusange wa polysilicon mu ntangiriro za Kamena 2022 cyari hafi 55.816 yuan / toni, igiciro mpuzandengo cya polysilicon ku isoko cyari hafi 260.000 Yuan / toni, kandi inyungu rusange yari hejuru ya 70% cyangwa irenga, bityo yakwegereye umubare munini wibigo bishora imari mukubaka ubushobozi bwa polysilicon.
Hariho uburyo bubiri kubakora polysilicon kugabanya ibiciro, kimwe nukugabanya ibiciro byibikoresho, naho ubundi kugabanya ingufu zikoreshwa.Ku bijyanye n’ibikoresho fatizo, abayikora barashobora kugabanya igiciro cyibikoresho fatizo basinya amasezerano yubufatanye bwigihe kirekire n’abakora inganda za silikoni mu nganda, cyangwa kubaka ubushobozi bwo kuzamura ibicuruzwa biva mu mahanga.Kurugero, uruganda rukora polysilicon ahanini rushingira kubikorwa byabo bya silicon.Ku bijyanye no gukoresha amashanyarazi, abayikora barashobora kugabanya ibiciro by'amashanyarazi hakoreshejwe ibiciro by'amashanyarazi make no kuzamura ingufu zikoreshwa neza.Hafi 70% yikoreshwa ryamashanyarazi yuzuye ni ukugabanya gukoresha amashanyarazi, kandi kugabanya nabyo ni ihuriro ryingenzi mu gukora silikoni nziza cyane.Kubera iyo mpamvu, umusaruro mwinshi wa polysilicon mu Bushinwa wibanze mu turere dufite ibiciro by’amashanyarazi make nka Sinayi, Mongoliya Imbere, Sichuan na Yunnan.Ariko, hamwe niterambere rya politiki ya karubone ebyiri, biragoye kubona umubare munini wamashanyarazi make ahendutse.Kubwibyo, kugabanya ingufu zikoreshwa mukugabanya nigiciro gishoboka kugabanya ibiciro muri iki gihe.Inzira.Kugeza ubu, uburyo bwiza bwo kugabanya gukoresha ingufu zikoreshwa ni ukongera umubare wa silicon cores mu itanura ryo kugabanya, bityo ukagura umusaruro wikintu kimwe.Kugeza ubu, ubwoko rusange bwo kugabanya itanura mu Bushinwa ni joriji 36, inkoni 40 n’inkoni 48.Ubwoko bw'itanura buzamurwa kugeza kuri joriji 60 n’inkoni 72, ariko muri icyo gihe, binashyira imbere ibisabwa byinshi ku rwego rw’ikoranabuhanga ribyara umusaruro.
Ugereranije nuburyo bunoze bwa Siemens, uburyo bwo kuryama bwa silane bwamazi bufite ibyiza bitatu, kimwe ni ugukoresha ingufu nke, ikindi ni kristu ikurura cyane, naho icya gatatu nuko ari byiza guhuza hamwe na tekinoroji ya CCZ ikomeza ikoranabuhanga rya Czochralski.Dukurikije imibare y’ishami ry’inganda za Silicon, gukoresha ingufu zose zikoreshwa mu buriri bwa silane ni 33.33% byuburyo bunoze bwa Siemens, naho kugabanya ingufu ni 10% byuburyo bwiza bwa Siemens.Uburyo bwo kuryama bwa silane bufite akamaro gakomeye ko gukoresha ingufu.Kubyerekeranye no gukurura kristu, ibintu bifatika bya silicon silicon birashobora koroha kuzuza byuzuye quartz iboneka mumurongo umwe wa kirisiti ya silikoni ikurura inkoni.Silicon polycrystalline na silikoni ya granular irashobora kongera itanura rimwe ryubushobozi bwo kwishyuza 29%, mugihe bigabanya igihe cyo kwishyuza 41%, bikazamura cyane uburyo bwo gukurura silikoni imwe ya kirisiti.Mubyongeyeho, silikoni ya granular ifite diameter ntoya kandi itemba neza, ikaba ikwiranye nuburyo bwa CCZ bukomeza Czochralski.Kugeza ubu, tekinoroji yingenzi ya kristu imwe ikurura hagati no hepfo ni uburyo bwa RCZ bumwe bwa kristu yongeye guterera, aribwo kongera kugaburira no gukurura kristu nyuma yo gukururwa inkoni imwe ya kirisiti ya silikoni.Igishushanyo gikorerwa icyarimwe, kibika igihe cyo gukonjesha inkoni imwe ya kirisiti ya silicon, bityo umusaruro ukaba mwinshi.Iterambere ryihuse ryuburyo bwa CCZ bukomeje Czochralski nabwo buzamura ibyifuzo bya silicon granular.Nubwo silikoni ya granular ifite ibibi bimwe na bimwe, nk'ifu ya silikoni nyinshi iterwa no guterana amagambo, ubuso bunini hamwe no kwinjiza byoroshye imyanda ihumanya, hamwe na hydrogène byahujwe na hydrogène mugihe cyo gushonga, bikaba byoroshye gutera gusimbuka, ariko ukurikije amatangazo aheruka ya silikoni ya granulaire bijyanye ibigo, ibyo bibazo biratera imbere kandi hari intambwe imaze guterwa.
silane fluidized bed process irakuze muburayi no muri Amerika, kandi iri mu marembera nyuma yo gutangiza imishinga yubushinwa.Nko mu myaka ya za 1980, silicon yo mumahanga ihagarariwe na REC na MEMC yatangiye gucukumbura umusaruro wa silicon granulaire maze ibona umusaruro munini.Muri byo, umusaruro wa REC wose w’umusaruro wa silikoni ya granular wageze kuri toni 10.500 / umwaka mu mwaka wa 2010, ugereranije na bagenzi ba Siemens muri kiriya gihe kimwe, wari ufite inyungu byibura US $ 2-3 / kg.Bitewe no gukurura kristu imwe rukumbi, umusaruro wa granular silicon ya societe wahagaze hanyuma amaherezo uhagarika umusaruro, hanyuma uhindukirira umushinga uhuriweho nu Bushinwa gushinga uruganda rukora ibicuruzwa kugira ngo rushobore gukora silikoni nini.
4. Ibikoresho bibisi: Silicon yinganda ningingo fatizo yibanze, kandi itangwa rirashobora gukenera kwaguka kwa polysilicon
Silicon yinganda ningingo yibanze yibikoresho bya polysilicon.Biteganijwe ko umusaruro wa silikoni mu nganda mu Bushinwa uziyongera cyane kuva mu 2022 kugeza mu 2025. Kuva mu mwaka wa 2010 kugeza mu wa 2021, umusaruro w’inganda zo mu nganda z’Ubushinwa uri mu rwego rwo kwaguka, aho impuzandengo y’ubwiyongere buri mwaka y’umusaruro n’umusaruro ugera kuri 7.4% na 8,6%. .Dukurikije amakuru ya SMM, ibishya byiyongereyeubushobozi bwa silicon yingandamu Bushinwa hazaba toni 890.000 na toni miliyoni 1.065 muri 2022 na 2023.Dufashe ko amasosiyete ya silicon yinganda azakomeza kugumana ubushobozi bwo gukoresha ubushobozi nigipimo cya 60% mugihe kiri imbere, Ubushinwa buherutse kwiyongeraubushobozi bwo kubyaza umusaruro muri 2022 na 2023 bizazana umusaruro wiyongereyeho toni 320.000 na toni 383.000.Ukurikije ibigereranyo bya GFCI,Ubushinwa butanga umusaruro wa silikoni mu nganda muri 22/23/24/25 ni toni miliyoni 5.90 / 697 / 6.71 / 6.5, zingana na toni miliyoni 3.55 / 391 / 4.18 / 4.38.
Ubwiyongere bw'uturere tubiri dusigaye two hepfo ya silikoni y’inganda zirenze urugero biratinda, kandi umusaruro wa silikoni mu nganda mu Bushinwa urashobora guhura ahanini n’umusaruro wa polysilicon.Mu 2021, Ubushinwa butanga umusaruro wa silikoni mu nganda buzaba toni miliyoni 5.385, bihwanye n’umusaruro wa toni miliyoni 3.213, muri zo polysilicon, silicon organic, na aluminiyumu izakoresha toni 623.000, toni 898.000, na toni 649.000.Mubyongeyeho, hafi toni 780.000 z'umusaruro zikoreshwa mu kohereza hanze.Mu 2021, ikoreshwa rya polysilicon, silikoni kama, na aluminiyumu bizajya bingana na 19%, 28%, na 20% bya silicon yinganda.Kuva mu 2022 kugeza 2025, umuvuduko w’ubwiyongere bw’umusemburo wa silikoni uteganijwe kuguma ku 10%, naho umuvuduko w’umusaruro wa aluminiyumu uri munsi ya 5%.Kubwibyo, twizera ko ingano ya silicon yinganda ishobora gukoreshwa muri polysilicon mumwaka wa 2022-2025 irahagije, ishobora guhaza byimazeyo polysilicon.ibikenewe mu musaruro.
5. Gutanga polysilicon:Ubushinwaifata umwanya wiganje, kandi umusaruro uraterana buhoro buhoro mubigo biyobora
Mu myaka yashize, umusaruro wa polysilicon ku isi wiyongereye uko umwaka utashye, kandi buhoro buhoro ukusanyiriza mu Bushinwa.Kuva muri 2017 kugeza 2021, umusaruro wa polysilicon ngarukamwaka ku isi wavuye kuri toni 432.000 ugera kuri toni 631.000, hamwe n’ubwiyongere bwihuse mu 2021, ubwiyongere bwa 21.11%.Muri kiriya gihe, umusaruro wa polysilicon ku isi wagiye wibanda buhoro buhoro mu Bushinwa, kandi umubare w’umusaruro wa polysilicon w’Ubushinwa wiyongereye uva kuri 56.02% muri 2017 ugera kuri 80.03% muri 2021. Ugereranije n’amasosiyete icumi ya mbere mu bushobozi bwo gukora polysilicon ku isi mu mwaka wa 2010 na 2021, birashoboka. yasanze umubare w’amasosiyete y’Abashinwa wiyongereye uva kuri 4 ugera kuri 8, kandi umubare w’ubushobozi bw’umusaruro w’amasosiyete amwe n'amwe yo muri Amerika na Koreya wagabanutse cyane, uva mu makipe icumi ya mbere, nka HEMOLOCK, OCI, REC na MEMC;kwibanda ku nganda byiyongereye ku buryo bugaragara, kandi ubushobozi bw’umusaruro w’ibigo icumi bya mbere mu nganda byavuye kuri 57.7% bigera kuri 90.3%.Mu 2021, hari amasosiyete atanu yo mu Bushinwa afite ibice birenga 10% by’umusaruro, bingana na 65.7%..Hariho impamvu eshatu zingenzi zituma buhoro buhoro inganda za polysilicon zijya mu Bushinwa.Ubwa mbere, Abashinwa bakora polysilicon bafite ibyiza byingenzi mubikoresho fatizo, amashanyarazi nigiciro cyakazi.Umushahara w'abakozi uri munsi ugereranije n'uw'amahanga, bityo igiciro rusange cy'umusaruro mu Bushinwa kiri hasi cyane ugereranije n'iy'amahanga, kandi kizakomeza kugabanuka hamwe n'iterambere ry'ikoranabuhanga;icya kabiri, ubwiza bwibicuruzwa bya polysilicon byabashinwa bigenda bitera imbere, ibyinshi bikaba biri kurwego rwizuba-urwego rwa mbere, kandi ibigo byateye imbere biri mubisabwa byera.Intambwe imaze guterwa mu ikoranabuhanga ry’umusaruro wo mu rwego rwo hejuru rwa elegitoroniki yo mu rwego rwa elegitoroniki, igenda itangira buhoro buhoro mu gusimbuza ibikoresho bya elegitoroniki yo mu rwego rwa elegitoronike yo mu mahanga ku bicuruzwa bitumizwa mu mahanga, kandi ibigo bikomeye byo mu Bushinwa biteza imbere cyane kubaka imishinga yo mu rwego rwa elegitoroniki.Umusaruro w’ibicuruzwa bya silicon mu Bushinwa urenga 95% by’umusaruro rusange w’isi ku isi, wagiye wiyongera buhoro buhoro igipimo cyo kwihaza cya polysilicon ku Bushinwa, cyanyunyujije isoko ry’inganda za polysilicon zo mu mahanga ku rugero runaka.
Kuva mu 2017 kugeza 2021, umusaruro wa buri mwaka wa polysilicon mu Bushinwa uziyongera gahoro gahoro, cyane cyane mu turere dukungahaye ku mbaraga z'amashanyarazi nka Sinayi, Mongoliya y'imbere, na Sichuan.Mu 2021, Ubushinwa umusaruro wa polysilicon uzava kuri toni 392.000 ujye kuri toni 505.000, wiyongere 28.83%.Ku bijyanye n’ubushobozi bwo gukora, Ubushinwa bwo gukora polysilicon mu Bushinwa muri rusange bwagiye hejuru, ariko bwaragabanutse muri 2020 kubera guhagarika inganda zimwe na zimwe.Byongeye kandi, igipimo cyo gukoresha ubushobozi bw’inganda zo mu Bushinwa polysilicon zagiye ziyongera kuva mu 2018, kandi igipimo cyo gukoresha ubushobozi mu 2021 kizagera kuri 97,12%.Ku bijyanye n'intara, mu Bushinwa umusaruro wa polysilicon mu 2021 wibanda cyane cyane mu turere dufite ibiciro by'amashanyarazi make nka Sinayi, Mongoliya y'imbere, na Sichuan.Ibicuruzwa bya Sinayi ni toni 270.400, bikaba birenga kimwe cya kabiri cy’ibicuruzwa byose mu Bushinwa.
Inganda za polysilicon mu Bushinwa zirangwa no kwibanda cyane, hamwe na CR6 ifite agaciro ka 77%, kandi hazabaho izindi nzira zo kuzamuka mu gihe kiri imbere.Umusaruro wa Polysilicon ninganda zifite igishoro kinini nimbogamizi zubuhanga.Umushinga wo kubaka no gutanga umusaruro mubisanzwe ni imyaka ibiri cyangwa irenga.Biragoye kubakora inganda nshya kwinjira muruganda.Urebye gahunda izwi yo kwaguka hamwe n’imishinga mishya mu myaka itatu iri imbere, abakora oligopoliste mu nganda bazakomeza kwagura umusaruro wabo bitewe n’ikoranabuhanga ryabo bwite ndetse n’inyungu zabo, kandi imyanya yabo yihariye izakomeza kwiyongera.
Biteganijwe ko Ubushinwa butanga polysilicon izatanga iterambere ryinshi kuva 2022 kugeza 2025, naho umusaruro wa polysilicon uzagera kuri toni miliyoni 1.194 mu 2025, bigatuma ubwiyongere bw’umusaruro wa polysilicon ku isi hose.Mu 2021, hamwe n'izamuka rikabije ry'igiciro cya polysilicon mu Bushinwa, abakora inganda zikomeye bashora imari mu iyubakwa ry'imirongo mishya, kandi icyarimwe bakurura inganda nshya kwinjira mu nganda.Kubera ko imishinga ya polysilicon izatwara byibuze umwaka umwe nigice kugeza kumyaka ibiri kuva kubaka kugeza umusaruro, kubaka bishya muri 2021 bizarangira.Ubushobozi bwo kubyaza umusaruro bushyirwa mubikorwa mugice cya kabiri cya 2022 na 2023. Ibi birahuye cyane na gahunda nshya yumushinga yatangajwe ninganda zikomeye muri iki gihe.Ubushobozi bushya bwo kubyaza umusaruro muri 2022-2025 bwibanze cyane muri 2022 na 2023. Nyuma yibyo, kubera ko itangwa rya polisilicon nibisabwa hamwe nigiciro kigenda gihinduka buhoro buhoro, umusaruro wose mu nganda uzagenda uhinduka buhoro buhoro.Hasi, ni ukuvuga, umuvuduko wubwiyongere bwubushobozi bwumusaruro ugenda ugabanuka.Byongeye kandi, igipimo cyo gukoresha ubushobozi bw’inganda za polysilicon cyagumye ku rwego rwo hejuru mu myaka ibiri ishize, ariko bizatwara igihe kugirango umusaruro w’imishinga mishya wiyongere, kandi bizasaba inzira abinjira bashya kugira ngo bamenye neza tekinoroji yo gutegura.Kubwibyo, igipimo cyo gukoresha ubushobozi bwimishinga mishya ya polysilicon mumyaka mike iri imbere izaba mike.Duhereye kuri ibyo, umusaruro wa polysilicon muri 2022-2025 urashobora guhanurwa, naho umusaruro wa polysilicon mu 2025 uteganijwe kuba hafi toni miliyoni 1.194.
Kwibanda ku musaruro ukomoka mu mahanga ni mwinshi, kandi umuvuduko n'umuvuduko w'umusaruro wiyongera mu myaka itatu iri imbere ntabwo bizaba hejuru nk'ubushinwa.Ubushobozi bwo gukora polysilicon yo mumahanga bwibanze cyane mubigo bine bikomeye, naho ibindi ni ubushobozi buke bwo gukora.Kubijyanye nubushobozi bwo gukora, Wacker Chem ifata kimwe cya kabiri cyubushobozi bwo gukora polysilicon mumahanga.Inganda zayo mu Budage no muri Amerika zifite ubushobozi bwa toni 60.000 na toni 20.000.Kwiyongera gukabije kw’umusaruro wa polysilicon ku isi mu 2022 ndetse no hanze yarwo birashobora kuzana Impungenge zijyanye no gutanga amasoko menshi, isosiyete iracyari mu gutegereza kandi ntiteganya kongera ubushobozi bushya bwo gukora.OCI yo muri Koreya y'Epfo igihangange OCI igenda yimura buhoro buhoro umurongo w’umusaruro w’izuba wa polysilicon muri Maleziya mu gihe ugumana umurongo w’umwimerere wo mu rwego rwa elegitoroniki wo mu bwoko bwa polysilicon mu Bushinwa, biteganijwe ko uzagera kuri toni 5.000 mu 2022. Ubushobozi bwa OCI muri Maleziya buzagera kuri toni 27.000 na Toni 30.000 muri 2020 na 2021, kugera ku giciro cyo gukoresha ingufu nke no kwirinda imisoro ihanitse y’Ubushinwa kuri polysilicon muri Amerika na Koreya yepfo.Isosiyete irateganya gutanga toni 95.000 ariko itariki yo gutangiriraho ntisobanutse.Biteganijwe ko uziyongera ku rwego rwa toni 5.000 ku mwaka mu myaka ine iri imbere.Isosiyete yo muri Noruveje REC ifite ibirindiro bibiri byo kubyaza umusaruro muri leta ya Washington na Montana, muri Amerika, ifite umusaruro wa buri mwaka wa toni 18.000 za polysilicon yo mu rwego rw'izuba na toni 2000 za polysilicon yo mu rwego rwa elegitoroniki.REC, yari ifite ibibazo bikomeye by’amafaranga, yahisemo guhagarika umusaruro, hanyuma ishimishwa n’izamuka ry’ibiciro bya polysilicon mu 2021, isosiyete yiyemeje gutangira kongera umusaruro wa toni 18.000 z’imishinga muri leta ya Washington na toni 2000 muri Montana mu mpera za 2023. , kandi irashobora kuzuza ubushobozi bwo kongera umusaruro mu 2024. Hemlock n’umusaruro munini wa polysilicon muri Amerika, uzobereye muri polisilicon yo mu rwego rwo hejuru.Inzitizi z’ikoranabuhanga rihanitse ku musaruro bituma bigora ibicuruzwa by’isosiyete gusimburwa ku isoko.Ufatanije n’uko isosiyete idateganya kubaka imishinga mishya mu myaka mike, biteganijwe ko umusaruro w’isosiyete uzaba 2022-2025.Umusaruro wumwaka uguma kuri toni 18.000.Byongeye kandi, mu 2021, ubushobozi bushya bwo kubyaza umusaruro ibigo bitari ibigo bine byavuzwe haruguru bizaba toni 5.000.Kubera kutumva neza gahunda yumusaruro wamasosiyete yose, hafatwa hano ko ubushobozi bushya bwo gukora buzaba toni 5.000 kumwaka kuva 2022 kugeza 2025.
Ukurikije ubushobozi bwo gukora mu mahanga, byagereranijwe ko umusaruro wa polysilicon mu mahanga mu 2025 uzaba hafi toni 176.000, ukeka ko igipimo cy’imikoreshereze y’ubushobozi bwa polisilicon yo mu mahanga kidahindutse.Nyuma yuko igiciro cya polysilicon kizamutse cyane mu 2021, amasosiyete yo mu Bushinwa yongereye umusaruro kandi yagura umusaruro.Ibinyuranye, amasosiyete yo hanze aritonda cyane muri gahunda zayo kumishinga mishya.Ni ukubera ko ubwiganze bwinganda za polysilicon zimaze kugenzurwa nu Bushinwa, kandi kongera umusaruro buhumyi bishobora kuzana igihombo.Uhereye ku biciro, gukoresha ingufu nicyo kintu kinini mu biciro bya polysilicon, bityo igiciro cy’amashanyarazi ni ingenzi cyane, kandi Ubushinwa, Mongoliya Imbere, Sichuan n’utundi turere bifite ibyiza bigaragara.Uhereye kubisabwa, nkuburyo bwo hasi bwa polysilicon, umusaruro wa silicon wafer wubushinwa urenga 99% byisi yose.Inganda zo hepfo ya polysilicon yibanda cyane mubushinwa.Igiciro cya polysilicon yakozwe ni gito, igiciro cyubwikorezi ni gito, kandi icyifuzo kiremewe rwose.Icya kabiri, Ubushinwa bwashyizeho imisoro ihanitse yo kurwanya ibicuruzwa biva mu mahanga biva muri Amerika na Koreya y'Epfo bitumizwa mu mahanga ndetse na Koreya y'Epfo, bikaba byarahagaritse cyane ikoreshwa rya polysilicon ivuye muri Amerika na Koreya y'Epfo.Witondere kubaka imishinga mishya;hiyongereyeho, mu myaka yashize, abashoramari bo mu Bushinwa bo mu mahanga polysilicon batinze gutera imbere kubera ingaruka z’amahoro, kandi imirongo imwe n'imwe yagabanutse cyangwa yarahagaritswe, kandi umubare wabo mu musaruro w’isi wagabanutse uko umwaka utashye, bityo rero ntizagereranywa no kuzamuka kw'ibiciro bya polysilicon mu 2021 kuko inyungu nyinshi z’isosiyete y’Abashinwa, imiterere y’imari ntabwo ihagije kugira ngo ishyigikire vuba kandi nini mu kongera umusaruro.
Hashingiwe ku iteganyagihe bijyanye n'umusaruro wa polysilicon mu Bushinwa no mu mahanga kuva mu 2022 kugeza mu wa 2025, agaciro kavuzwe ko umusaruro wa polysilicon ku isi urashobora kugereranywa.Biteganijwe ko umusaruro wa polysilicon ku isi mu 2025 uzagera kuri toni miliyoni 1.371.Ukurikije agaciro kateganijwe ko umusaruro wa polysilicon, umugabane w’Ubushinwa ku isi yose urashobora kuboneka hafi.Biteganijwe ko umugabane w’Ubushinwa uzagenda wiyongera buhoro buhoro kuva 2022 kugeza 2025, kandi uzarenga 87% muri 2025.
6, Incamake na Outlook
Polysilicon iherereye hepfo ya silicon yinganda no hejuru yumurongo wose wamafoto yinganda na semiconductor inganda, kandi imiterere yacyo ni ngombwa cyane.Uruganda rwa Photovoltaque murirusange ni polysilicon-silicon wafer-selile-module-Photovoltaque yashyizweho, kandi urwego rwinganda ziciriritse ni rusange polysilicon-monocrystalline silicon wafer-silicon wafer-chip.Imikoreshereze itandukanye ifite ibisabwa bitandukanye kubisukuye bya polysilicon.Inganda zifotora zikoresha cyane cyane izuba rya polysilicon, naho inganda zikoresha igice cya kabiri zikoresha polysilicon yo mu rwego rwa elegitoroniki.Iyambere ifite ubuziranenge bwa 6N-8N, mugihe iyanyuma isaba ubuziranenge bwa 9N cyangwa burenga.
Haraheze imyaka, uburyo nyamukuru bwo gukora polysilicon bwahinduwe uburyo bwa Siemens kwisi yose.Mu myaka yashize, ibigo bimwe na bimwe byakoze ubushakashatsi ku buryo buke bwo gukoresha uburiri bwa silane bworoheje bwo kuryama, bushobora kugira ingaruka ku musaruro.Polysilicon imeze nkinkoni yakozwe nuburyo bwahinduwe na Siemens ifite ibiranga gukoresha ingufu nyinshi, igiciro cyinshi nubuziranenge bwinshi, mugihe silikoni ya granular yakozwe nuburyo bwo kuryama bwa silane ifite uburyo bwo gukoresha ingufu nke, igiciro gito nubuziranenge buke ugereranije. .Amasosiyete amwe n'amwe yo mu Bushinwa yatahuye umusaruro mwinshi wa silikoni ya granular hamwe n'ikoranabuhanga ryo gukoresha silikoni ya granular mu gukurura polysilicon, ariko ntabwo yatejwe imbere cyane.Niba silicon silicon ishobora gusimbuza iyambere mugihe kizaza biterwa nuburyo inyungu yikiguzi ishobora gupfukirana ubuziranenge, ingaruka za porogaramu zo hasi, hamwe no guteza imbere umutekano wa silane.Mu myaka yashize, umusaruro wa polysilicon ku isi wiyongereye uko umwaka utashye, kandi buhoro buhoro uhurira hamwe mu Bushinwa.Kuva muri 2017 kugeza 2021, umusaruro wa polysilicon ngarukamwaka ku isi uziyongera uva kuri toni 432.000 ujye kuri toni 631.000, hamwe n’iterambere ryihuse mu 2021. Muri icyo gihe, umusaruro wa polysilicon ku isi wagiye uba mwinshi cyane mu Bushinwa, naho Ubushinwa umubare w’umusaruro wa polysilicon wiyongera uva kuri 56.02% muri 2017 kugeza 80.03% muri 2021. Kuva 2022 kugeza 2025, itangwa rya polysilicon rizatangiza iterambere ryinshi.Biteganijwe ko umusaruro wa polysilicon mu 2025 uzaba toni miliyoni 1.194 mu Bushinwa, naho umusaruro wo mu mahanga uzagera kuri toni 176.000.Kubwibyo, umusaruro wa polysilicon kwisi yose muri 2025 uzaba hafi toni miliyoni 1.37.
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