Hamwe no kumenyekanisha no gukoresha bateri nshya yingufu nka bateri ya lithium manganate, ibikoresho byiza bishingiye kuri manganese byashimishije abantu benshi.Ukurikije amakuru afatika, ishami ryubushakashatsi bwisoko rya UrbanMines Tech.Co, Ltd yavuze muri make uko iterambere ry’inganda ziva mu Bushinwa zerekeza ku bakiriya bacu.
1. Gutanga Manganese: Amabuye y'agaciro ashingira ku bicuruzwa bitumizwa mu mahanga, kandi ubushobozi bwo gukora ibicuruzwa bitunganijwe bwibanze cyane.
1.1 Uruganda rwa Manganese
Ibicuruzwa bya Manganese bikungahaye ku bwoko butandukanye, bikoreshwa cyane cyane mu gukora ibyuma, kandi bifite imbaraga nyinshi mu gukora bateri.Icyuma cya Manganese ni cyera cyera, gikomeye kandi cyoroshye.Ikoreshwa cyane cyane nka deoxidizer, desulfurizer hamwe nibintu bivanga muburyo bwo gukora ibyuma.Amavuta ya silicon-manganese, ferromanganese yo hagati-yo hagati na karuboni nyinshi na ferromanganese ni byo bicuruzwa nyamukuru bya manganese.Byongeye kandi, manganese ikoreshwa no mugukora ibikoresho bya cathode ya ternary hamwe na lithium manganate cathode, ni ahantu hashyirwa imbaraga nyinshi zo gukura ejo hazaza.Amabuye ya Manganese akoreshwa cyane binyuze muri metallurgical manganese na manganese ya chimique.1) Hejuru: Ubucukuzi bw'amabuye y'agaciro no kwambara.Ubwoko bw'amabuye ya Manganese burimo ubutare bwa manganese, ubutare bwa karubone ya manganese, n'ibindi 2) Gutunganya hagati: Birashobora kugabanywamo ibice bibiri by'ingenzi: uburyo bwo gukora imiti nuburyo bwa metallurgiki.Ibicuruzwa nka dioxyde de manganese, manganese metallic, ferromanganese na silicomanganese bitunganywa binyuze muri acide sulfurike cyangwa kugabanya itanura ryamashanyarazi.3) Porogaramu zo hasi: Porogaramu zo hasi zirimo ibyuma bivangwa nicyuma, cathodes ya bateri, catalizator, imiti nizindi nzego.
1.2 Amabuye ya Manganese: umutungo wo mu rwego rwo hejuru wibanze mu mahanga, naho Ubushinwa bushingiye ku bicuruzwa bitumizwa mu mahanga
Amabuye y'agaciro ya manganese ku isi yibanze muri Afurika y'Epfo, Ubushinwa, Ositaraliya na Berezile, naho ubutare bwa manganese bw'Ubushinwa buza ku mwanya wa kabiri ku isi.Amabuye y'agaciro ya manganese kwisi ni menshi, ariko aragabanijwe neza.Dukurikije imibare y’Umuyaga, guhera mu Kuboza 2022, ubutare bwa manganese bwagaragaye ku isi ni toni miliyari 1.7, 37.6% muri zo bukaba buherereye muri Afurika yepfo, 15.9% muri Berezile, 15.9% muri Ositaraliya, na 8.2% muri Ukraine.Mu 2022, ubutare bwa manganese mu Bushinwa buzaba toni miliyoni 280, bingana na 16.5% by’umutungo w’isi, kandi ububiko bwabwo buza ku mwanya wa kabiri ku isi.
Impamyabumenyi yumutungo wa manganese kwisi iratandukanye cyane, kandi umutungo wo murwego rwohejuru wibanda mumahanga.Amabuye y'agaciro ya Manganese (arimo manganese arenga 30%) yibanze muri Afrika yepfo, Gabon, Ositaraliya na Berezile.Urwego rwamabuye ya manganese ruri hagati ya 40-50%, naho ibigega bingana na 70% byububiko bwisi.Ubushinwa na Ukraine bishingiye cyane cyane ku bucukuzi bw'amabuye y'agaciro ya manganese.Ahanini, ibirimo manganese mubusanzwe biri munsi ya 30%, kandi bigomba gutunganywa mbere yuko bikoreshwa.
Abakora amabuye y'agaciro ya manganese ku isi ni Afurika y'Epfo, Gabon na Ositaraliya, naho Ubushinwa bugera kuri 6%.Nk’uko umuyaga ubivuga, mu 2022 umusaruro w’amabuye ya manganese ku isi uzaba toni miliyoni 20, umwaka ushize ugabanukaho 0.5%, naho mu mahanga akaba arenga 90%.Muri byo, umusaruro wa Afurika y'Epfo, Gabon na Ositaraliya ni miliyoni 7.2, miliyoni 4,6 na toni miliyoni 3.3.Ubushinwa butanga amabuye ya manganese ni toni 990.000.Ifite 5% gusa yumusaruro wisi.
Ikwirakwizwa ry’amabuye ya manganese mu Bushinwa ntiringana, cyane cyane muri Guangxi, Guizhou n'ahandi.Nk’ubushakashatsi bwakozwe ku bushakashatsi bw’umutungo wa Manganese w’Ubushinwa n’ibibazo by’umutekano w’urunigi mu nganda ”(Ren Hui et al.), Ubucukuzi bwa manganese bw’Ubushinwa ahanini ni amabuye ya karubone ya manganese, hamwe n’amabuye ya oxyde ya manganese hamwe n’ubundi bwoko bw’amabuye.Minisiteri y'Umutungo Kamere ivuga ko mu 2022 ubutunzi bw'amabuye y'agaciro ya manganese mu Bushinwa ari toni miliyoni 280.Aka karere gafite ubutare bunini bwa manganese ni Guangxi, ifite toni miliyoni 120, bingana na 43% by’igihugu;ikurikirwa na Guizhou, ifite toni miliyoni 50, zingana na 43% by’igihugu.18%.
Ubushinwa bubitse manganese ni buto mu bunini no mu rwego rwo hasi.Mu Bushinwa hari amabuye manini manini manini manini, kandi inyinshi muri zo ni amabuye y'agaciro.Dukurikije “Ubushakashatsi ku mutungo w’ubutaka bwa Manganese mu Bushinwa n’ibibazo by’umutekano w’urunigi mu nganda” (Ren Hui et al.), Impuzandengo y’amabuye ya manganese mu Bushinwa igera kuri 22%, akaba ari yo hasi.Hano nta bucukuzi bwa manganese bukize bujuje ubuziranenge mpuzamahanga, kandi amabuye yo mu rwego rwo hasi arasaba Birashobora gukoreshwa nyuma yo kuzamura amanota binyuze mu gutunganya amabuye y'agaciro.
Ubushinwa buturuka mu bucukuzi bwa manganese bugera kuri 95%.Bitewe n’icyiciro gito cy’ubutare bw’amabuye ya manganese y’Ubushinwa, umwanda mwinshi, amafaranga menshi y’ubucukuzi bw’amabuye y'agaciro, hamwe n’umutekano muke no kugenzura ibidukikije mu bucukuzi bw’amabuye y'agaciro, umusaruro w’amabuye ya manganese mu Bushinwa wagabanutse uko umwaka utashye.Dukurikije imibare yatanzwe n’ubushakashatsi bw’Amerika muri Jewoloji, Ubucukuzi bw’amabuye ya manganese mu Bushinwa bwagabanutse mu myaka 10 ishize.Umusaruro wagabanutse cyane kuva 2016 kugeza 2018 na 2021. Umusaruro wumwaka ni toni miliyoni.Ubushinwa bushingiye cyane ku gutumiza mu bucukuzi bw'amabuye ya manganese, kandi ubwishingizi bwabwo bwo hanze bwabaye hejuru ya 95% mu myaka itanu ishize.Nk’uko imibare y’Umuyaga ibigaragaza, mu 2022 ibicuruzwa by’amabuye ya manganese y’Ubushinwa bizaba toni 990.000 mu gihe ibicuruzwa bitumizwa mu mahanga bizagera kuri toni miliyoni 29.89, aho ibicuruzwa biva mu mahanga bigera kuri 96.8%.
1.3 Electrolytike manganese: Ubushinwa bungana na 98% byumusaruro wisi kandi umusaruro wibanze
Umusaruro w’amashanyarazi wa manganese mu Bushinwa wibanze mu ntara zo hagati n’iburengerazuba.Umusaruro w’amashanyarazi ya manganese mu Bushinwa wibanda cyane muri Ningxia, Guangxi, Hunan na Guizhou, bangana na 31%, 21%, 20% na 12%.Inganda z’ibyuma zivuga ko umusaruro w’amashanyarazi ya manganese y’Ubushinwa ugera kuri 98% by’umusaruro w’amashanyarazi wa marangane ku isi kandi niwo utanga umusaruro mwinshi ku isi.
Inganda za electrolytike manganese mu Bushinwa zibanze cyane ku musaruro, aho Ningxia Tianyuan Manganese Inganda zitanga umusaruro zingana na 33% by’igihugu cyose.Nk’uko Baichuan Yingfu abitangaza ngo guhera muri Kamena 2023, Ubushinwa butanga ingufu za manganese ya electrolytike bwageze kuri toni miliyoni 2.455.Ibigo icumi bya mbere ni Ningxia Tianyuan Manganese Inganda, Itsinda ry’amajyepfo ya Manganese, Ikoranabuhanga rya Tianxiong, n’ibindi, bifite umusaruro wa toni miliyoni 1.71, bingana n’umusaruro rusange w’igihugu 70%.Muri byo, Inganda za Ningxia Tianyuan Manganese zifite umusaruro wa buri mwaka zingana na toni 800.000, zikaba zingana na 33% by’umusaruro rusange w’igihugu.
Biterwa na politiki yinganda no kubura ingufu,electrolytike manganeseumusaruro wagabanutse mu myaka yashize.Mu myaka yashize, hamwe n’ishyirwaho ry’intego ya “karuboni ebyiri” mu Bushinwa, politiki yo kurengera ibidukikije yarushijeho gukomera, umuvuduko wo kuzamura inganda wihuse, ubushobozi bw’umusaruro w’inyuma bwaravanyweho, ubushobozi bushya bwo gukora bwagenzuwe cyane, n’ibintu nk’ingufu ibibujijwe mu turere tumwe na tumwe bifite umusaruro muke, umusaruro muri 2021 wagabanutse.Muri Nyakanga 2022, Komite yihariye ya Manganese y’ishyirahamwe ry’inganda mu Bushinwa Ferroalloy yatanze icyifuzo cyo kugabanya no kugabanya umusaruro urenga 60%.Mu 2022, Ubushinwa bwa electrolytike manganese bwagabanutse bugera kuri toni 852.000 (yoy-34.7%).Mu Kwakira 22, Komite ishinzwe ibikorwa byo guhanga udushya twa Electrolytic Manganese y’ishyirahamwe ry’ubucukuzi bw’amabuye y’Ubushinwa yatanze icyifuzo cyo guhagarika umusaruro wose muri Mutarama 2023 na 50% by’umusaruro kuva Gashyantare kugeza Ukuboza.Mu Gushyingo 22, Komite ishinzwe ibikorwa bya Electrolytic Manganese Metal Innovation Association y’ishyirahamwe ry’amabuye y’amabuye y’Ubushinwa yasabye ko imishinga Tuzakomeza guhagarika umusaruro no kuzamura, no gutunganya umusaruro kuri 60% y’ubushobozi bwo gukora.Turateganya ko umusaruro wa electrolytike manganese utaziyongera cyane muri 2023.
Igipimo cy’ibikorwa gikomeje kuba hafi 50%, kandi igipimo cy’ibikorwa kizahinduka cyane mu 2022. Ingaruka z’umugambi w’ubumwe mu 2022, igipimo cy’ibikorwa by’amasosiyete ya marangane ya electrolytike yo mu Bushinwa kizahinduka cyane, aho ikigereranyo cyo gukora muri uyu mwaka ari 33.5% .Guhagarika no kuzamura umusaruro byakozwe mu gihembwe cya mbere cya 2022, naho ibiciro byo gukora muri Gashyantare na Werurwe byari 7% na 10.5% gusa.Nyuma yuko ihuriro rimaze gukora inama mu mpera za Nyakanga, inganda zo muri ubwo bufatanye zagabanije cyangwa zihagarika umusaruro, kandi igipimo cy’ibikorwa muri Kanama, Nzeri na Ukwakira cyari munsi ya 30%.
1.4 Dioxyde ya Manganese: Iyobowe na lithium manganate, ubwiyongere bw'umusaruro burihuta kandi ubushobozi bwo gukora bukaba bwibanze.
Biterwa no gukenera ibikoresho bya lithium manganate, UbushinwaDioxyde de electrolytike manganeseumusaruro wiyongereye ku buryo bugaragara.Mu myaka yashize, bitewe n’ibikenerwa ku bikoresho bya lithium manganate, icyifuzo cya lithium manganate electrolytic manganese dioxyde cyiyongereye ku buryo bugaragara, kandi umusaruro w’Ubushinwa waje kwiyongera.Dukurikije “Incamake muri make ku isi ya Manganese Ore n’umusaruro w’ibicuruzwa bya Manganese mu Bushinwa mu 2020 ″ (Qin Deliang), umusaruro w’ubushinwa bwa dioxyde de manganese mu Bushinwa mu 2020 wari toni 351.000, umwaka ushize wiyongereyeho 14.3%.Muri 2022, ibigo bimwe bizahagarika umusaruro kugirango bibungabungwe, kandi umusaruro wa dioxyde de electrolytike manganese uzagabanuka.Dukurikije imibare yaturutse mu mujyi wa Shanghai Nonferrous Metal Network, mu Bushinwa umusaruro wa dioxyde de manganese ya electrolytike mu 2022 uzaba toni 268.000.
Ubushinwa butanga ingufu za dioxyde de manganese mu Bushinwa bwibanze muri Guangxi, Hunan na Guizhou.Ubushinwa n’igihugu kinini ku isi gikora dioxyde de electrolytike manganese.Nk’uko ikigo cy’ubushakashatsi mu nganda cya Huajing kibitangaza ngo umusaruro wa dioxyde de manganese y’Ubushinwa wagize hafi 73% by’umusaruro w’isi ku isi mu mwaka wa 2018. Umusaruro wa dioxyde de manganese y’Ubushinwa wibanda cyane cyane muri Guangxi, Hunan na Guizhou, umusaruro wa Guangxi ukaba ufite umubare munini.Ikigo cy’ubushakashatsi mu nganda cya Huajing kivuga ko umusaruro wa dioxyde de mangane ya electrolytike ya Guangxi wagize 74.4% by’umusaruro w’igihugu mu 2020.
1.5 sulfate ya Manganese: kungukirwa no kongera ingufu za batiri hamwe nubushobozi bwo gukora cyane
Umusaruro wa manganese sulfate mu Bushinwa ugera kuri 66% by’umusaruro w’isi, hamwe n’ubushobozi bwo kubyaza umusaruro muri Guangxi.Nk’uko QYResearch ibitangaza, Ubushinwa n’igihugu kinini ku isi gikora kandi kigakoresha sulfate ya manganese.Mu 2021, umusaruro wa sulfate ya manganese mu Bushinwa wagize hafi 66% by'isi yose;igurishwa rya sulfate ya manganese ku isi yose mu 2021 ryari hafi toni 550.000, muri zo sulfate yo mu rwego rwa batiri igera kuri 41%.Biteganijwe ko igurishwa rya sulfate ya manganese ku isi yose rizaba toni miliyoni 1.54 mu 2027, muri zo sulfate yo mu rwego rwa batiri igera kuri 73%.Dukurikije “Incamake y’imyororokere ya Manganese ku isi ndetse n’umusaruro w’ibicuruzwa bya Manganese mu Bushinwa mu 2020 ″ (Qin Deliang), umusaruro wa sulfate ya manganese mu Bushinwa mu 2020 wari toni 479.000, ahanini ukaba wibanze muri Guangxi, bangana na 31.7%.
Nk’uko Baichuan Yingfu abitangaza ngo Ubushinwa bufite umusaruro mwinshi wa manganese sulfate buri mwaka buzaba toni 500.000 mu 2022. Ubushobozi bwo kubyaza umusaruro bwibanze, CR3 ni 60%, naho umusaruro ni toni 278.000.Biteganijwe ko umusaruro mushya uzaba toni 310.000 (Inganda za Tianyuan Manganese Toni 300.000 + Nanhai Chemical toni 10,000).
2. Ibisabwa kuri manganese: Gahunda yinganda irihuta, kandi umusanzu wibikoresho bya cathode bishingiye kuri manganese uriyongera.
2.1 Ibisabwa gakondo: 90% ni ibyuma, biteganijwe ko bizahoraho
Inganda zibyuma zingana na 90% byibanze bikenerwa nubutare bwa manganese, kandi ikoreshwa rya bateri ya lithium-ion riragenda ryiyongera.Nk’uko raporo ya “IMnI EPD Conference Annual Report (2022)” ibivuga, ubutare bwa manganese bukoreshwa cyane cyane mu nganda z’ibyuma, ibice birenga 90% by’amabuye ya manganese akoreshwa mu gukora amavuta ya silicon-manganese na ferroalloy ya manganese, hamwe n’amabuye asigaye ya manganese. ikoreshwa cyane cyane muri dioxyde de electrolytike manganese na sulfate ya manganese sulfate yibindi bicuruzwa.Nk’uko Baichuan Yingfu abitangaza ngo inganda zo mu bucukuzi bw'amabuye y'agaciro ya manganese ni amavuta ya manganese, manganese ya electrolytike, hamwe na manganese.Muri byo, 60% -80% by'amabuye y'agaciro ya manganese akoreshwa mu gukora amavuta ya manganese (ku byuma no guta, n'ibindi), naho 20% by'amabuye ya manganese akoreshwa mu gukora.Manganese ya electrolytike (ikoreshwa mu gukora ibyuma bitagira umwanda, ibivanze, nibindi), 5-10% bikoreshwa mukubyara manganese (bikoreshwa mugukora ibikoresho bya ternary, ibikoresho bya magneti, nibindi)
Manganese ku byuma bya peteroli: Biteganijwe ko isi ikenera kuba toni miliyoni 20.66 mu myaka 25.Ishyirahamwe mpuzamahanga rya Manganese rivuga ko manganese ikoreshwa nka desulfurizeri hamwe n’inyongeramusaruro mu buryo bwa karubone nyinshi, karuboni yo hagati cyangwa karuboni nkeya ya fer-manganese na silicon-manganese mu gihe cyo gukora ibyuma bitavanze.Irashobora gukumira okiside ikabije mugihe cyo gutunganya no kwirinda guturika no gukomera.Yongera imbaraga, gukomera, gukomera no gukomera kwibyuma.Manganese yibyuma bidasanzwe birenze ibyuma bya karubone.Impuzandengo ya manganese kwisi yose yibyuma biteganijwe kuba 1,1%.Guhera mu 2021, Komisiyo y’igihugu ishinzwe iterambere n’ivugurura n’izindi nzego zizakora imirimo y’igihugu yo kugabanya ibicuruzwa biva mu mahanga, kandi bizakomeza gukora imirimo yo kugabanya ibyuma bya peteroli mu 2022, bivamo umusaruro ushimishije.Kuva mu 2020 kugeza 2022, umusaruro w’ibyuma bya peteroli mu gihugu uzagabanuka uva kuri toni miliyari 1.065 ugera kuri toni miliyari 1.013.Biteganijwe ko mu gihe kizaza Ubushinwa n’ibicuruzwa biva mu mahanga ku isi bidahinduka.
2.2 Gukenera Bateri: umusanzu wiyongera wibikoresho bya cathode bishingiye kuri manganese
Batteri ya Litiyumu manganese ikoreshwa cyane cyane ku isoko rya digitale, isoko rito ry'amashanyarazi no ku isoko ry'imodoka zitwara abagenzi.Bafite imikorere yumutekano mwinshi nigiciro gito, ariko bafite ingufu nke nubushobozi bwikizamini.Nk’uko ikinyamakuru Xinchen kibitangaza ngo Lithium manganate cathode yo mu Bushinwa yoherejwe kuva muri 2019 kugeza 2021 yari toni 7.5 / 9.1 / 102.000, na toni 66.000 mu 2022. Ibi biterwa ahanini n’ubukungu bwifashe nabi mu Bushinwa mu 2022 ndetse n’izamuka ry’ibiciro bikomeza kwiyongera. lisiyumu ya karubone.Kuzamuka kw'ibiciro no gutinda ku biteganijwe gukoreshwa.
Manganese ya cathodes ya litiro: Biteganijwe ko isi ikenera kuba toni 229.000 muri 2025, bingana na toni 216.000 za dioxyde de manganese na toni 284.000 za sulfate ya manganese.Manganese ikoreshwa nkibikoresho bya cathode ya bateri ya lithium igabanijwemo cyane manganese kuri bateri ya ternary na manganese kuri bateri ya lithium manganate.Hamwe n'ubwiyongere bw'amashanyarazi ya batiri yoherejwe mu bihe biri imbere, turagereranya ko imikoreshereze ya manganese ku isi yose kuri bateri y’amashanyarazi izava kuri 61.000 ikagera ku 61.000 muri 22-25.toni yiyongereye kugera kuri toni 92.000, kandi icyifuzo cya sulfate ya manganese cyiyongereye kiva kuri toni 186.000 kigera kuri toni 284.000 (isoko ya manganese yibikoresho bya cathode ya bateri ya ternary ni sulfate ya manganese);Bitewe n'ubwiyongere bw'ibikenerwa ku mashanyarazi afite ibiziga bibiri, nk'uko Xinchen Information na Boshi Nk’uko bitangazwa na tekinoroji yo mu rwego rwo hejuru, biteganijwe ko ibicuruzwa bya lithium manganate cathode byoherezwa ku isi biteganijwe ko bizaba toni 224.000 mu myaka 25, bihuye na manganese ikoreshwa na toni 136.000, na dioxyde de manganese ikwiranye na toni 216.000 (isoko ya manganese ya lithium manganate cathode material ni dioxyde ya manganese).
Inkomoko ya Manganese ifite ibyiza byumutungo ukungahaye, ibiciro biri hasi, hamwe n’amadirishya ya voltage y’ibikoresho bishingiye kuri manganese.Mu gihe ikoranabuhanga rigenda ritera imbere kandi n’inganda zayo zikaba inganda zihuta, inganda za batiri nka Tesla, BYD, CATL, na Guoxuan-tekinoroji yo mu rwego rwo hejuru zatangiye kohereza ibikoresho bya cathode bishingiye kuri manganese.Umusaruro.
Inganda zikora inganda za lithium fer manganese fosifate ziteganijwe kwihuta.1) Gukomatanya ibyiza bya lithium fer fosifate na batteri ya ternary, ifite umutekano nubucucike bwingufu.Nk’uko bitangazwa na Shanghai Nonferrous Network, lithium fer manganese fosifate ni verisiyo ishimishije ya lithium fer fosifate.Ongeramo ibintu bya manganese birashobora kongera ingufu za bateri.Ubucucike bwabwo bwingirakamaro burenze 15% kurenza ubwa fosifate ya lithium, kandi ifite ibintu bihamye.Toni imwe yicyuma cya manganese fosifate Ibirimo lithium manganese ni 13%.)3) Kwihutisha inzira yinganda: Amasosiyete ya Bateri nka CATL, China Innovation Aviation, Guoxuan Hi-Tech, Sunwoda, nibindi byose byabyaye bateri ya lithium fer manganese fosifate;ibigo bya cathode nka Defang Nano, Ikoranabuhanga rya Rongbai, Ikoranabuhanga rya Dangsheng, n'ibindi.uruganda rwimodoka Niu GOVAF0 urukurikirane rwamashanyarazi rufite ibikoresho bya batiri ya lithium fer manganese fosifate, NIO yatangiye gukora ibicuruzwa bito bito bya lithium fer manganese fosifate muri Hefei, naho Batteri ya Fudi ya BYD yatangiye kugura lithium fer manganese fosifate Ibikoresho: Tesla yo mu rugo Model 3 isura nziza. ikoresha bateri nshya ya M3P Lithium fer fosifate.
Manganese ya lithium fer manganese fosifate cathode: Mubitekerezo bidafite aho bibogamiye kandi byiringiro, isi yose ikenera lithium fer manganese fosifate cathode biteganijwe ko izaba toni 268.000 / 358.000 mumyaka 25, naho manganese ikenewe ni toni 35,000 / 47.000.
Dukurikije uko Gaogong Lithium Battery yabitangaje, mu 2025, igipimo cy’isoko ry’ibicuruzwa bya lithium fer manganese fosifate cathode izarenga 15% ugereranije n’ibikoresho bya fosifati ya lithium.Kubwibyo, ukurikije ibihe bidafite aho bibogamiye kandi byiringiro, igipimo cyo kwinjira muri lithium fer manganese fosifate mumyaka 23-25 ni 4% / 9% / 15%, 5% / 11% / 20%.Isoko ryimodoka zibiziga bibiri: Turateganya ko bateri ya lithium fer manganese fosifate yihuta kwinjira mumasoko yimodoka ifite amashanyarazi abiri mubushinwa.Ibihugu byo mu mahanga ntibizasuzumwa kubera kutumva ibiciro hamwe n’ibisabwa ingufu nyinshi.Biteganijwe ko mu bihe bitagira aho bibogamiye kandi byiringiro mu myaka 25, fosifate ya lithium fer manganese izaba ikenewe kuri cathodes ni toni 1.1 / 15.000, naho icyifuzo cya manganese ni toni miliyoni 0.1 / 0.2.Isoko ry’imodoka zikoresha amashanyarazi: Dufashe ko fosifate ya lithium fer manganese isimbuza burundu fosifati ya lithium fer kandi ikoreshwa muguhuza na bateri ya ternary (dukurikije igipimo cyibicuruzwa bifitanye isano na tekinoroji ya Rongbai, twibwira ko igipimo cya doping ari 10%), biteganijwe ko kutagira aho bibogamiye kandi Mubihe byiza, icyifuzo cya lithium fer manganese fosifate cathodes ni toni 257.000 / 343.000, naho manganese ikenewe ni toni 33.000 / 45.000.
Kugeza ubu, ibiciro by'amabuye ya manganese, sulfate ya manganese, na marangane ya electrolytique biri ku rwego rwo hasi cyane mu mateka, kandi igiciro cya dioxyde de manganese kiri ku rwego rwo hejuru mu mateka.Mu 2021, kubera kugenzura ikoreshwa ry’ingufu ebyiri no kubura ingufu, iryo shyirahamwe ryahagaritse gufatanya umusaruro, itangwa rya manganese ya electrolytike ryaragabanutse, kandi ibiciro byazamutse cyane, bituma ibiciro by’amabuye ya manganese, sulfate ya manganese, na marangane ya electrolytike bizamuka.Nyuma ya 2022, icyifuzo cyo hasi cyaragabanutse, kandi igiciro cya manganese ya electrolytike cyaragabanutse, mugihe igiciro cya dioxyde de electrolytike manganese yagabanutse.Kuri manganese, sulfate ya manganese, nibindi, kubera gukomeza kwiyongera muri bateri ya lithium yo hepfo, gukosora ibiciro ntabwo ari ngombwa.Mu gihe kirekire, icyifuzo cyo hasi gikenewe cyane cyane kuri sulfate ya manganese na dioxyde ya manganese muri bateri.Kwungukira ku bwinshi bwiyongereye bwibikoresho bya cathode ya manganese, ikigo cyibiciro giteganijwe kuzamuka.