Researth & Discovery
Irasa na lithium na lithium hydroxide hano kugirango igumeho, kuri ubu: nubwo ubushakashatsi bwimbitse hamwe nibindi bikoresho, ntakintu kiri kuri horizon gishobora gusimbuza lithiyumu nkibice byubaka tekinoroji ya kijyambere.
Lithium hydroxide (LiOH) hamwe na lisiyumu karubone (LiCO3) byagabanutse munsi y'amezi make ashize kandi ihungabana ry’isoko riherutse rwose ntirishobora guhindura ibintu.Nubwo, nubwo ubushakashatsi bwimbitse bwibindi bikoresho, ntakintu kiri kuri horizon gishobora gusimbuza lithium nkibice byubaka tekinoroji ya kijyambere mu myaka mike iri imbere.Nkuko tubizi kubakora ibicuruzwa bitandukanye bya lithium ya batiri, satani aryamye muburyo burambuye kandi aha niho haboneka uburambe kugirango tunoze buhoro buhoro ingufu, ubwiza numutekano byingirabuzimafatizo.
Hamwe nimodoka nshya zamashanyarazi (EV) zitangizwa mugihe cyicyumweru, inganda zirashaka isoko yizewe nikoranabuhanga.Kuri abo bakora ibinyabiziga ntaho bihuriye nibibera muri laboratoire yubushakashatsi.Bakeneye ibicuruzwa hano nubu.
Guhindura kuva lithium karubone kuri lithium hydroxide
Kugeza vuba aha karubone ya lithium niyo yibandwaho cyane nabakora bateri za EV, kubera ko ibishushanyo bya batiri bihari byahamagaye cathodes ukoresheje ibi bikoresho bibisi.Ariko, ibi bigiye guhinduka.Litiyumu hydroxide nayo ni ibikoresho by'ibanze mu gukora cathodes ya bateri, ariko iri mu gutanga igihe gito ugereranije na karubone ya lithium muri iki gihe.Nubwo ari ibicuruzwa byiza kuruta karubone ya lithium, ikoreshwa kandi n’abakora ibicuruzwa bikomeye bya batiri, bahanganye n’inganda zikora amavuta mu nganda kubintu bimwe bibisi.Nkibyo, ibikoresho bya hydroxide ya lithium byitezwe ko bizaba bike.
Ibyiza byingenzi bya lithium hydroxide ya cathodes ya cathodes ugereranije nibindi bikoresho bivangwa na chimique harimo ubucucike bwiza (ubushobozi bwa bateri nyinshi), ubuzima burebure hamwe nibiranga umutekano byongerewe.
Kubera iyo mpamvu, ibyifuzo biva mu nganda za batiri zishobora kwishyurwa byagaragaje iterambere rikomeye mu myaka ya za 2010, hamwe no gukoresha bateri nini za lithium-ion mu gukoresha amamodoka.Muri 2019, bateri zishobora kwishyurwa zingana na 54% bya lithium yose ikenewe, hafi ya yose ya tekinoroji ya Li-ion.Nubwo izamuka ry’ibicuruzwa by’ibinyabiziga bivangwa n’amashanyarazi n’amashanyarazi byerekeje ibitekerezo ku bisabwa bya lithium, kugabanuka kugurisha mu gice cya kabiri cy’umwaka wa 2019 mu Bushinwa - isoko rinini rya EV - no kugabanuka kw’isi ku isi kwatewe no gufunga bijyanye na COVID -19 icyorezo mu gice cya mbere cyumwaka wa 2020 cyashyize 'feri' mugihe gito mukuzamuka kwa lithium, bitewe nibisabwa na batiri ndetse no mubikorwa byinganda.Ibihe birebire bikomeje kwerekana iterambere rikomeye rya lithium mu myaka icumi iri imbere, ariko, Roskill ivuga ko icyifuzo kizarenga 1.0Mt LCE mu 2027, aho kwiyongera kurenga 18% ku mwaka kugeza 2030.
Ibi birerekana uburyo bwo gushora imari mu musaruro wa LiOH ugereranije na LiCO3;kandi aha niho isoko ya lithium ije gukinirwa: urutare rwa spodumene rworoshye cyane muburyo bwo gukora.Yemerera umusaruro wa LiOH neza mugihe ikoreshwa rya lithium brine risanzwe rinyura muri LiCO3 nkumuhuza wo gukora LiOH.Kubwibyo, ikiguzi cya LiOH kiri hasi cyane hamwe na spodumene nkisoko aho kuba brine.Biragaragara ko, hamwe nubwinshi bwa lithium brine iboneka kwisi, amaherezo tekinoroji nshya yuburyo bugomba gutezwa imbere kugirango ikoreshe neza isoko.Hamwe namasosiyete atandukanye akora iperereza kubikorwa bishya amaherezo tuzabona ibi biza, ariko kuri ubu, spodumene ni byiza.
