1. Silicon y'icyuma ni iki?
Silicon yicyuma, izwi kandi nka silicon yinganda, nigicuruzwa cyo gushonga dioxyde ya silicon na agent igabanya karubone mu itanura rya arc ryarohamye.Ibice nyamukuru bigize silikoni mubisanzwe biri hejuru ya 98.5% no munsi ya 99,99%, naho umwanda usigaye ni fer, aluminium, calcium, nibindi.
Mu Bushinwa, silikoni y'icyuma ikunze kugabanywa mu byiciro bitandukanye nka 553, 441, 421, 3303, 2202, 1101, n'ibindi, bitandukanywa ukurikije ibirimo ibyuma, aluminium na calcium.
2. Umwanya wo gukoresha icyuma cya silicon
Porogaramu yo hasi ya silicon metallic ni silicon, polysilicon na aluminiyumu.Muri 2020, Ubushinwa bukoresha hafi toni miliyoni 1.6, naho igipimo cy’ibikoreshwa ni ibi bikurikira:
Silica gel ifite ibisabwa cyane kuri silicon yicyuma kandi isaba urwego rwimiti, ihuye nicyitegererezo 421 #, ikurikirwa na polysilicon, ikunze gukoreshwa 553 # na 441 #, kandi ibisabwa bya aluminiyumu ni bike cyane.
Nyamara, mu myaka yashize, icyifuzo cya polysilicon muri silicon kama cyiyongereye, kandi igipimo cyacyo cyabaye kinini kandi kinini.Ibikenerwa kuri aluminiyumu ntabwo byiyongereye gusa, ahubwo byagabanutse.Iki nacyo ni ikintu gikomeye gitera ubushobozi bwo gukora ibyuma bya silicon bigaragara ko ari hejuru, ariko igipimo cyo gukora ni gito cyane, kandi ku isoko harabura ikibazo gikomeye cya silikoni yo mu rwego rwo hejuru.
3. Imiterere yumusaruro muri 2021
Nk’uko imibare ibigaragaza, kuva muri Mutarama kugeza Nyakanga 2021, Ubushinwa bwohereza ibicuruzwa bya silikoni mu mahanga byageze kuri toni 466.000, umwaka ushize byiyongereyeho 41%.Bitewe nigiciro gito cya silikoni yicyuma mubushinwa mumyaka mike ishize, hamwe no kurengera ibidukikije nizindi mpamvu, ibigo byinshi bihenze bifite igiciro gito cyibikorwa cyangwa birahagarikwa.
Muri 2021, kubera itangwa rihagije, igipimo cyimikorere ya silicon yicyuma kizaba kinini.Amashanyarazi ntahagije, kandi igipimo cyimikorere ya silicon yicyuma kiri hasi cyane ugereranije nimyaka yashize.Silicon na polysilicon isabwa kuruhande irabura muri uyumwaka, hamwe nibiciro biri hejuru, igiciro kinini cyo gukora, hamwe no kongera silikoni yicyuma.Ibintu byose byateje ikibazo gikomeye cyo kubura icyuma cya silicon.
Icya kane, icyerekezo kizaza cya silicon
Ukurikije amasoko n'ibisabwa byasesenguwe haruguru, icyerekezo kizaza cya silicon yicyuma ahanini biterwa nigisubizo cyibintu byabanje.
Mbere ya byose, kubyara zombie, igiciro gikomeza kuba kinini, kandi umusaruro wa zombie uzongera umusaruro, ariko bizatwara igihe runaka.
Icya kabiri, amashanyarazi agezweho ahantu hamwe aracyakomeza.Kubera amashanyarazi adahagije, inganda zimwe na zimwe za silicon zamenyeshejwe ko amashanyarazi yagabanutse.Kugeza ubu, haracyari itanura rya silicon yinganda ryafunzwe, kandi biragoye kubisubiza mugihe gito.
Icya gatatu, niba ibiciro byimbere mu gihugu bikomeje kuba hejuru, ibyoherezwa mu mahanga biteganijwe ko bigabanuka.Ibyuma bya silikoni y'Ubushinwa byoherezwa cyane cyane mu bihugu bya Aziya, nubwo bidakunze koherezwa mu bihugu by'i Burayi na Amerika.Nyamara, umusaruro wa silicon yinganda zi Burayi wiyongereye kubera ibiciro biheruka kwisi.Mu myaka mike ishize, kubera inyungu z’Ubushinwa mu gihugu, Ubushinwa bwakoze ibyuma bya silikoni byari bifite inyungu zuzuye, kandi ibyoherezwa mu mahanga byari byinshi.Ariko iyo ibiciro biri hejuru, utundi turere nabwo tuzongera umusaruro, kandi ibyoherezwa hanze bizagabanuka.
Na none, kubijyanye no gukenera hasi, hazaba umusaruro mwinshi wa silicon na polysilicon mugice cya kabiri cyumwaka.Ku bijyanye na polysilicon, ubushobozi buteganijwe bwo gutanga umusaruro mu gihembwe cya kane cy'uyu mwaka ni toni zigera ku 230.000, kandi biteganijwe ko ibisabwa byose kuri silikoni y'icyuma bizaba hafi toni 500.000.Nyamara, ibicuruzwa byanyuma byabaguzi ntibishobora gukoresha ubushobozi bushya, bityo igipimo rusange cyibikorwa byubushobozi bushya kizagabanuka.Muri rusange, ibura ry'icyuma cya silicon biteganijwe ko rizakomeza mu mwaka, ariko icyuho ntikizaba kinini cyane.Ariko, mugice cya kabiri cyumwaka, amasosiyete ya silicon na polysilicon adafite uruhare muri silicon yicyuma azahura nibibazo.