Mu myaka yashize, ikoreshwa rya lanthanide reagent muri synthesis organique ryatejwe imbere no gusimbuka.Muri byo, reagent nyinshi za lanthanide wasangaga zifite catalizike yatoranijwe mu myitwarire ya karuboni-karubone;icyarimwe, reagent nyinshi za lanthanide wasangaga zifite ibintu byiza cyane muburyo bwa okiside kama no kugabanya ibinyabuzima kugirango bihindure amatsinda akora.Ikoreshwa ry'ubuhinzi budasanzwe ku isi ni ubushakashatsi bwakozwe na siyansi hamwe n'ibiranga Ubushinwa bwabonye n'abakozi bashinzwe ubumenyi n'ikoranabuhanga mu Bushinwa nyuma y'imyaka myinshi bakora, kandi byatejwe imbere cyane nk'igikorwa gikomeye cyo kongera umusaruro w'ubuhinzi mu Bushinwa.Ntibisanzwe isi ya karubone irashobora gushonga muri acide kugirango ibe umunyu uhwanye na dioxyde de carbone, ishobora gukoreshwa muburyo bworoshye muguhuza imyunyu itandukanye idasanzwe yisi hamwe nibigo bitarinze kwanduza umwanda.Kurugero, irashobora kwitwara hamwe na acide ikomeye nka acide nitric, aside hydrochloric, aside nitric, acide perchloric, na acide sulfurike kugirango ibe umunyu ushonga amazi.Kora hamwe na aside ya fosifori na aside hydrofluoric kugirango uhindurwe mubutaka budasanzwe bwa fosifate na fluoride.Kora hamwe na acide nyinshi kama kugirango ukore ibinyabuzima bidasanzwe byisi.Birashobora gukemuka bigoye cations cyangwa anion igoye, cyangwa ibidafite aho bibogamiye bitagira aho bibogamiye bigwa bitewe nigisubizo cyagaciro.Ku rundi ruhande, isi ya karubone idasanzwe irashobora kubora mo oxyde ihuye no kubara, ishobora gukoreshwa mu buryo butaziguye mu gutegura ibikoresho byinshi bidasanzwe by’ubutaka.Kugeza ubu, umusaruro wa buri mwaka wa karubone idasanzwe mu Bushinwa urenga toni zirenga 10,000, bingana na kimwe cya kane cy’ibicuruzwa bidasanzwe ku isi, byerekana ko umusaruro w’inganda no gukoresha karubone y’ubutaka bidasanzwe bigira uruhare runini mu iterambere ry’iterambere inganda zidasanzwe.
Cerium carbone ni ifumbire mvaruganda ifite imiti ya C3Ce2O9, uburemere bwa molekile ya 460, logP ya -7.40530, PSA ya 198.80000, aho itetse 333.6ºC kuri 760 mmHg, hamwe na flash point ya 169.8ºC.Mu musaruro w’inganda zubutaka budasanzwe, karubone ya cerium nigikoresho giciriritse hagati yo gutegura ibicuruzwa bitandukanye bya cerium nkumunyu wa cerium zitandukanye na oxyde cerium.Ifite uburyo butandukanye bwo gukoresha kandi ni urumuri rukomeye rwibicuruzwa bidasanzwe byisi.Cerium ya karubone ya hydrata ifite imiterere ya lanthanite, kandi ifoto yayo ya SEM yerekana ko imiterere shingiro ya hydrati cerium karubone ya kirisiti isa na flake, kandi flake ihujwe hamwe n’imikoranire idakomeye kugirango ibe imiterere isa n’ibibabi, kandi imiterere irekuye, kubwibyo rero mubikorwa byingufu za mashini Biroroshye kwinjizwa mubice bito.Cerium carbone isanzwe ikorerwa mu nganda kuri ubu ifite 42-46% gusa yubutaka budasanzwe nyuma yo gukama, bigabanya umusaruro wa karubone ya cerium.
Ubwoko bwo gukoresha amazi make, ubwiza buhamye, karubone yakozwe na cerium ntabwo ikenera gukama cyangwa gukama nyuma yo gukama centrifugal, kandi ubwinshi bwubutaka budasanzwe bushobora kugera kuri 72% kugeza kuri 74%, kandi inzira iroroshye kandi imwe- intambwe yo gutegura cerium karubone hamwe nubunini bwinshi bwubutaka budasanzwe.Gahunda ya tekiniki ikurikira irakurikizwa: uburyo bumwe bwakoreshejwe mugutegura karubone ya cerium hamwe nubutaka bwinshi bwubutaka budasanzwe, ni ukuvuga igisubizo cyibiryo bya cerium hamwe na CeO240-90g / L bishyushye kuri 95 ° C. kugeza kuri 105 ° C, na ammonium bicarbonate yongewemo mugihe cyo gukurura karubone ya cerium.Ingano ya ammonium bicarbonate irahindurwa kugirango agaciro ka pH kumazi yibiryo amaherezo ahindurwe kugeza kuri 6.3 kugeza 6.5, kandi igipimo cyongeweho kirakwiriye kugirango amazi yo kugaburira adasohoka mu nkono.Igisubizo cyibiryo bya cerium byibuze kimwe mubisubizo byamazi ya cerium chloride, cerium sulfate yumuti wamazi cyangwa cerium nitrate yamazi.Itsinda R&D rya UrbanMines Tech.Co, Ltd ifata uburyo bushya bwo guhuza wongeyeho ammonium bicarbonate ikomeye cyangwa umuti wa amonium bicarbonate.
Cerium carbone irashobora gukoreshwa mugutegura cerium oxyde, cerium dioxyde na nanomaterial.Porogaramu n'ingero ni ibi bikurikira:
1. Ikirahuri kirwanya anti-glare gikurura cyane imirasire ya ultraviolet nigice cyumuhondo cyurumuri rugaragara.Ukurikije ibigize soda isanzwe-lime-silika ireremba ibirahure, ikubiyemo ibikoresho fatizo bikurikira muburemere bwijana: silika 72 ~ 82%, okiside ya sodium 6 ~ 15%, okiside ya calcium 4 ~ 13%, oxyde ya magnesium 2 ~ 8% , Alumina 0 ~ 3%, okiside ya fer 0,05 ~ 0.3%, cerium karubone 0.1 ~ 3%, karubone ya neodymium 0.4 ~ 1.2%, dioxyde de manganese 0.5 ~ 3%.Ikirahure cya 4mm gifite umubyimba ugaragara urenga 80%, itumanaho rya ultraviolet ritageze kuri 15%, naho ihererekanyabubasha rya 568-590 nm munsi ya 15%.
2. Irangi ryangiza ingufu za endothermic, rirangwa nuko ryakozwe mukuvanga icyuzuzo nibikoresho bikora firime, kandi uwuzuza akorwa avanga ibikoresho fatizo bikurikira mubice byuburemere: ibice 20 kugeza 35 bya dioxyde de silicon, n'ibice 8 kugeza kuri 20 bya oxyde ya aluminium., Ibice 4 kugeza 10 bya okiside ya titanium, ibice 4 kugeza 10 bya zirconi, ibice 1 kugeza 5 bya okiside ya zinc, ibice 1 kugeza 5 bya oxyde ya magnesium, 0.8 kugeza 5 bya karubide ya silicon, 0,02 kugeza 0.5 bya oxyde yttrium, na 0.01 kugeza ibice 1.5 bya chromium oxyde.ibice, 0.01-1.5 ibice bya kaolin, ibice 0.01-1.5 byibikoresho bidasanzwe byubutaka, 0.8-5 ibice byumukara wa karubone, ingano ya buri kintu kibisi ni 1-5 mm;aho, ibikoresho bidasanzwe byubutaka birimo 0.01-1.5 bya karubone ya lanthanum, 0.01-1.5 bya cerium karubone ibice 1.5 bya karubone ya praseodymium, 0.01 kugeza 1.5 bya karubone ya praseodymium, 0.01 kugeza 1.5 bya karubone ya neodymium na 0.01 kugeza 1.5 bya promethium nitrate;firime ikora ibikoresho ni potasiyumu sodium karubone;potasiyumu sodium karubone ivanze nuburemere bumwe bwa karubone ya potasiyumu na karubone ya sodium.Ikigereranyo cyo kuvanga ibiro byuzuza nibikoresho bikora firime ni 2.5: 7.5, 3.8: 6.2 cyangwa 4.8: 5.2.Byongeye kandi, ubwoko bwimyiteguro yuburyo bwa endothermic ingufu zizigama irangi burangwa muribwo buryo bukurikira:
Intambwe ya 1, gutegura uwuzuza, banza upime ibice 20-35 bya silika, ibice 8-20 bya alumina, ibice 4-10 bya okiside ya titanium, ibice 4-10 bya zirconi, nibice 1-5 bya okiside ya zinc kuburemere ., Ibice 1 kugeza kuri 5 bya oxyde ya magnesium, 0.8 kugeza 5 bya karubide ya silicon, 0,02 kugeza 0.5 ibice bya okiside ya yttrium, 0.01 kugeza 1.5 ibice bya chromium trioxide, 0.01 kugeza 1.5 ibice bya kaolin, 0.01 kugeza 1.5 mubice byubutaka budasanzwe, na 0.8 kugeza 5 ibice bya karubone yumukara, hanyuma bivanze kimwe muruvange kugirango ubone uwuzuza;aho, ibintu bidasanzwe byubutaka birimo ibice 0.01-1.5 bya karubone ya lanthanum, 0.01-1.5 bya karubone ya cerium, 0.01-1.5 bya karubone ya praseodymium, 0.01-1.5 bya karubone ya neodymium na 0.01 ～ 1.5 bya nitrate ya protethium;
Intambwe ya 2, gutegura ibikoresho bikora firime, ibikoresho bikora firime ni sodium potassium karubone;banza upime potasiyumu karubone na sodium karubone ukurikije uburemere, hanyuma ubivange neza kugirango ubone ibikoresho bikora firime;karubone ya sodium potassium nuburemere bumwe bwa karubone ya potasiyumu na karubone ya sodium ivanze;
Intambwe ya 3, kuvanga ibipimo byuzuza nibikoresho bya firime kuburemere ni 2.5: 7.5, 3.8: 6.2 cyangwa 4.8: 5.2, kandi imvange ivanze kimwe kandi ikwirakwizwa kugirango ibone imvange;
Intambwe ya 4, imvange isya umupira mumasaha 6-8, hanyuma ibicuruzwa byarangiye biboneka unyuze muri ecran, kandi mesh ya ecran ni 1-5 mm.
3. Gutegura okiside ya ultrafine cerium: Gukoresha karubone ya cerium hydrated nka preursor, oxyde ultrafine cerium oxyde ifite ubunini buke buri hagati ya 3 mm yateguwe no gusya umupira no kubara.Ibicuruzwa byabonetse byose bifite cubic fluorite.Mugihe ubushyuhe bwo kubara bwiyongera, ingano yibicuruzwa bigabanuka, ingano yubunini igabanywa iba ndende kandi kristu ikiyongera.Nyamara, ubushobozi bwo gusya ibirahuri bitatu bitandukanye byerekanaga agaciro ntarengwa hagati ya 900 ℃ na 1000 ℃.Kubwibyo, abantu bemeza ko igipimo cyo kuvanaho ibirahuri hejuru yikirahure mugihe cyo gusya bigira ingaruka cyane kubunini bwingingo, kristu ndetse nigikorwa cyo hejuru cyifu yifu.